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Precision Measurement Technology

Scientific-grade sensor designers and trusted consultants pushing the bounds of measurement accuracy and performance

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DirectShear™ Sensing System

Directly measure mean and flucuating wall shear stress with unprecedented precision

IC2’s Approach to Innovation

With a deep knowledge of aerospace testing requirements and over two decades of research and rigorous testing, IC2 delivers scientific-grade precision sensors that push the envelope of aerospace measurement accuracy and performance.

Precision Sensor Expertise

IC2 (Interdisciplinary Consulting Corporation) brings over 20 years of experience in developing precision sensors for aerospace measurements. With a team of in-house sensor developers, we use industry-proven development techniques to maximize performance. IC2 leverages application-specific transduction methods, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.

Extensive Aerospace Test Background

IC2 leverages internal domain expertise in fluid dynamics, aerodynamics, and aeroacoustics testing when developing new sensors. Our team is actively engaged in the aerosciences research community, continually learning from the latest research in academia and across the industry, in addition to leading and sharing our own research and findings.

Scientific-Grade Measurement Tools

Our suite of scientific-grade measurement tools offer higher bandwidth, greater dynamic range, increased accuracy and precision, and better spatial resolution than the competition; all designed explicitly for the challenging environment of aerospace measurements.

Consulting Services

Trusted MEMS sensor and electronic products design and build

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MEMS Design and Fabrication

Customized and comprehensive MEMS transducer design and fabrication services from US-based industry experts.

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Electronic Product Development

Leverage IC2’s knowledgeable engineering team to development and optimize your project to prepare for the open market.

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DEVICE PACKAGING AND ASSEMBLY

From a single process to complete device packaging and assembly, IC2's experienced team can execute your product vision.

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Research and Development

Direct Wall Shear Stress Measurement for Rotor Blades – SBIR Phase 1

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Improved Optical Five-Hole Probes for Three-Dimensional Flow Measurements – SBIR Phase 3

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Fiber-Optic Vector Skin Friction Systems for Cryogenic Shear Stress Measurements – SBIR Phase 1

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High-Temperature, Flat-Pack Optical Pressure Sensors for Combustion Noise Measurement – SBIR Phase 1

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Field Deployable Wireless Data Acquisition System for Ground-Test Arrays – SBIR Phase 2

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High-Bandwidth Dynamic Pressure Sensors for BOLT Model Testing – SBIR Phase 3

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Calibrated, MHz-Bandwidth, Dynamic Pressure Sensors for Quantitative Measurements in Hypersonic Flows – SBIR Phase 1

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Fully-Differential Skin Friction Sensor Hardware and Calibration Method Development – SBIR Phase 3

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Ultra-Low Profile, Flat-Packaged Microphones for In-Flight Aeroacoustic Measurements – SBIR Phase 1

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Field Deployable Wireless Data Acquisition System for Ground-Test Arrays – SBIR Phase 1

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Capacitive Vector Skin Friction Measurement Systems for Complex Flow Fields – SBIR Phase 2

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Capacitive Vector Skin Friction Measurement Systems for Complex Flow Fields – SBIR Phase 1

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Fast Response, Fiber-Optic Micromachined Five-Hole Probe for Three-Dimensional Flow Measurements in Harsh Environments – SBIR Phase 2

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High Channel Count, High Density Microphone Arrays for Wind Tunnel Environments – SBIR Phase 2

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High-Frequency Calibration System for Sensors Used in High-speed Airflow Measurements – STTR Phase 1

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Calibration Advances to Increase Commercial Viability of TSV-Integrated Dynamic Pressure Sensing Arrays – SBIR Phase 3

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High Channel Count, High Density Microphone Arrays for Wind Tunnel Environments – SBIR Phase 1

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Fast Response, Fiber-Optic Micromachined Five-Hole Probe for Three-Dimensional Flow Measurements in Harsh Environments – SBIR Phase 1

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MEMS Skin Friction Sensor – SBIR Phase 3

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Low Profile, Low Frequency, Adaptively-Tuned Acoustic Liner – SBIR Phase 1

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Miniaturized Dynamic Pressure Sensor Arrays with Sub-Millimeter (mm) Spacing for Cross-Flow Transition Measurements – SBIR Phase 2

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Highly-Resolved Wall-Shear-Stress Measurement in High Speed Flows – STTR Phase 2

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MEMS Skin Friction Sensor – SBIR Phase 3

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Miniaturized Dynamic Pressure Sensor Arrays with Sub-Millimeter (mm) Spacing for Cross-Flow Transition Measurements – SBIR Phase 1

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Highly-Resolved Wall-Shear-Stress Measurement in High Speed Flows – STTR Phase 1

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MEMS Skin Friction Sensor – SBIR Phase 3

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Flexible, Compact Acoustic Transducer Arrays – SBIR Phase 2

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Advanced Technology MEMS-based Acoustic Array – SBIR Phase 1

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Flexible, Compact Acoustic Transducer Arrays – SBIR Phase 1

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MEMS Skin Friction Sensor – SBIR Phase 2

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MEMS Skin Friction Sensor – SBIR Phase 1

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Micromachined Sensors for Hypersonic Flows – SBIR Phase 1

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High Temperature MEMS Sensors for High-Frequency Shear Stress and Pressure Measurements – STTR Phase 2

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High Frequency Surface Pressure, Shear Stress and Heat Flux Measurements for High Temperature Applications – STTR Phase 1

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A MEMS Floating Element Shear Stress Sensor for Hypersonic Flows – STTR Phase 1

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Mitigation of Aero-Optic Distortions by Active Flow Control – STTR Phase 1

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Publications

Temperature Sensitivity Reduction of a Capacitive Wall Shear Stress Sensor System for Low-Speed Wind Tunnels – AIAA Jan 2021

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A Flush-Mounted Dual-Axis Wall Shear Stress Sensor – Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems Jul 2020

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A Novel, High-Frequency, Reciprocal Calibration Method for Dynamic Pressure Sensors Used in High-Speed Flows – AIAA Jan 2020

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Conditional averages of large scale motions through synchronous PIV and surface shear stress measurements – Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry Jul 2019

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Characterization of a Fully-Differential, Dual-Axis, Capacitive Wall Shear Stress Sensor System for Low-Speed Wind Tunnels – AIAA Jun 2019

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Development of a Two-Dimensional Wall Shear Stress Sensor for Wind Tunnel Applications – AIAA Jan 2019

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A High-Temperature Optical Sapphire Pressure Sensor For Harsh Environments – AIAA Jan 2019

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Development of a Differential Optical Wall Shear Stress Sensor for High-Temperature Applications – AIAA Jan 2019

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Characteristics of turbulent boundary layer large scale motions using direct fluctuating wall shear stress measurements – Physical Review Fluids Nov 2018

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Characterization of a Fully-Differential Capacitive Wall Shear Stress Sensor for Low-Speed Wind Tunnels – AIAA Jan 2018

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A Passive Wireless Microelectromechanical Pressure Sensor for Harsh Environments – Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems Jan 2018

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Convection of wall shear stress events in a turbulent boundary layer – APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Nov 2017

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A System for Vector Measurement of Aerodynamic Wall Shear Stress – Transducers Conference Jun 2017

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The electromechanical behavior of piezoelectric thin film composite diaphragms possessing in-plane stresses – Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering Mar 2017

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MEMS-based acoustic sensors for fluid mechanics and aeroacoustics – Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Jan 2017

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Characterization of a Hydraulically Smooth Wall Shear Stress Sensor for Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Applications – AIAA Jan 2017

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Fabrication and Characterization of a Flush-Mount MEMS Piezoelectric Dynamic Pressure Sensor and Associated Package for Aircraft Fuselage Arrays – AIAA Jan 2017

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An instrumentation grade wall shear stress sensing system – IEEE Nov 2016

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Development of a Hydraulically Smooth Wall Shear Stress Sensor Utilizing Through Silcon Vias – Hilton Head Workshop Jun 2016

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A Flush-Mount Sensor Package for a MEMS Piezoelectric Microphone with Through-Silicon-Vias for Aircraft Fuselage Arrays – Hilton Head Workshop Jun 2016

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Phase relationships between velocity, wall pressure, and wall shear stress in a forced turbulent boundary layer – AIAA Jun 2016

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Characterization of a sapphire optical wall shear stress sensor for high-temperature applications – AIAA Jan 2016

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Development of a sapphire optical wall shear stress sensor for high-temperature applications – Transducers Conference Jun 2015

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Characterization of an Optical Moire Wall Shear Stress Sensor for Harsh Environments – AIAA Jan 2015

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A MEMS optical moiré shear stress sensor for harsh environment applications – Hilton Head Workshop Jun 2014

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A miniaturized optical package for wall shear stress measurements in harsh environments – SPIE Jun 2014

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Development of a sapphire optical pressure sensor for high-temperature applications – SPIE Jun 2014

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Characterization of Aeroacoustic, Silicon Micromachined Microphones for Aircraft Fuselage Arrays – AIAA Dec 2012

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Effects of scaling and geometry on the performance of piezoelectric microphones – Sensors and Actuators A: Physical Jul 2012

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Experimental verification of a capacitive shear stress sensor for low-speed wind tunnel applications – Hilton Head Workshop Jun 2012

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An AlN MEMS Piezoelectric Microphone for Aeroacoustic Applications – Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems Apr 2012

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Composite Circular Plates with Residual Tensile Stress Undergoing Large Deflections – Journal of Applied Mechanics Mar 2012

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Micromachined Aluminum Nitride Microphone Technology Development – AIAA Jan 2012

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Microfabricated silicon-on-Pyrex passive wireless wall shear stress sensor – IEEE Oct 2011

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A Microscale Differential Capacitive Direct Wall-Shear-Stress Sensor – Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems Jun 2011

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Experimental Verification of a MEMS Based Skin Friction Sensor for Quantitative Wall Shear Stress Measurement – AIAA Jun 2011

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An aeroacoustic microelectromechanical systems microphone phased array – Journal of the Acoustical Society of America May 2011

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A Sapphire Based Fiber Optic Dynamic Pressure Sensor for Harsh Environments: Fabrication and Characterization – AIAA Jan 2011

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Fabrication and characterization of a sapphire based fiber optic microphone for harsh environments – Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Jan 2011

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Shear Stress Measurements – Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering Dec 2010

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A microelectromechanical systems-based piezoelectric microphone for aeroacoustic measurements – Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Nov 2010

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Passive Wireless Direct Shear Stress Measurement – Hilton Head Workshop Jun 2010

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An Aluminum Nitride Piezoelectric Microphone for Aeroacoustics Applications – Hilton Head Workshop Jun 2010

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Optical Miniaturization of a MEMS-Based Floating Element Shear Stress Sensor with Moiré Amplification – AIAA Jan 2010

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Effect of dynamic pressure on direct shear stress sensor design – AIAA Jan 2010

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A Metal-On-Silicon Differential Capacitive Shear Stress Sensor – Transducers Conference Jun 2009

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Characterization of a MEMS-Based Floating Element Shear Stress Sensor – AIAA Jan 2009

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Optimization of Clamped Circular Piezoelectric Composite Actuators – Sensors and Actuators A: Physical Sep 2008

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A Laterally-Implanted Piezoresistive Skin Friction Sensor – Hilton Head Workshop Jun 2008

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Harmonic Balance Nonlinear Identification of a capacitive dual-backplate MEMS microphone – Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems Jun 2008

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A Surface Micromachined Capacitive Microphone for Aeroacoustic Applications – Hilton Head Workshop Jun 2008

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Large Deflections of Clamped Composite Circular Plates with Initial In-Plane Tension – Society for Experimental Mechanics Feb 2008

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A MEMS Shear Stress Sensor for Turbulence Measurements – AIAA Jan 2008

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An Instrumentation Grade MEMS Condenser Microphone for Aeroacoustic Measurements – AIAA Jan 2008

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Nonlinear Model and System Identification of a Capacitive Dual-Backplate MEMS Microphone – Journal of Sound and Vibration Jan 2008

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A Micromachined Dual-Backplate Capacitive Microphone for Aeroacoustic Measurements – Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems Dec 2007

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Development of a micromachined piezoelectric microphone for aeroacoustics applications – Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Dec 2007

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Design, Modeling and Simulation of a Closed-Loop Controller for a Dual Backplate MEMS Capacitive Microphone – IEEE Oct 2007

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Vibration of Post-Buckled Homogeneous Circular Plates – IEEE Oct 2007

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The Nonlinear Behavior of a Post-Buckled Circular Plate – IEEE Oct 2007

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Design of a MEMS Piezoresistive Microphone for use in Aeroacoustic Measurements – AIAA May 2007

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Microfabrication of a wall shear stress sensor using side-implanted piezoresistive tethers – SPIE Apr 2007

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Piezoresistive Microphone Design Pareto Optimization: Tradeoff between Sensitivity and Noise Floor – Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems Dec 2006

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Design and Optimization of a MEMS Piezoresistive Microphone for use in Aeroacoustic Measurements – Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Dec 2006

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Noise Modeling and Characterization of Piezoresistive Transducers – ASME Nov 2006

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An Analytical Electroacoustic Model of a Piezoelectric Composite Circular Plate – AIAA Oct 2006

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Pull-In Instability and Shock Load Response of a MEMS Dual-Backplate Capacitive Microphone – Society of Engineering Science Aug 2006

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A Micromachined Piezoelectric Microphone for Aeroacoustics Applications – Hilton Head Workshop Jun 2006

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Source of Excess Noise in Silicon Piezoresistive Microphones – Journal of the Acoustical Society of America May 2006

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Modeling and optimization of a side-implanted piezoresistive shear stress sensor – SPIE Feb 2006

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Development of a MEMS Dual Backplate Capacitive Microphone for Aeroacoustic Measurements – AIAA Jan 2006

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Nonlinear System Identification of a MEMS Dual-Backplate Capacitive Microphone by Harmonic Balance Method – ASME Nov 2005

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Dual-Backplate Capacitive Aeroacoustic Microphone – Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Oct 2005

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Nonlinear Identification of a Capacitive Dual-Backplate MEMS Microphone – ASME Sep 2005

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Effect of Conjugate Heat Transfer on MEMS-Based Thermal Shear Stress Sensor – Numerical Heat Transfer Aug 2005

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Dynamic calibration technique for thermal shear-stress sensors with mean flow – Experiments in Fluids Jul 2005

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Design and Characterization of a Micromachined Piezoelectric Microphone – AIAA May 2005

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Surface and Bulk Micromachined Dual Back-Plate Condenser Microphone – IEEE Jan 2005

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Sources of Excess Noise in Silicon Piezoresistive Microphones – Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Nov 2004

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Optical Flow Sensor Using Geometric Moire Interferometry – SAE Jul 2004

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A Wafer-Bonded, Floating Element Shear-Stress Sensor – Hilton Head Workshop Jun 2004

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MEMS Shear Stress Sensors: Promise and Progress – AIAA Jun 2004

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A Micromachined Geometric Moire Interferometric Floating-Element Shear Stress Sensor – AIAA Jan 2004

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Design and Characterization of MEMS Optical Microphone for Aeroacoustic Measurement – AIAA Jan 2004

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Mixed Convection Induced by MEMS-Based Thermal Shear Stress Sensors – Numerical Heat Transfer Jul 2003

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A MEMS-Based Sound Intensity Probe – AIAA May 2003

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Piezoresistive Microphone Design Pareto Optimization: Tradeoff Between Sensitivity and Noise Floor – AIAA Apr 2003

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A directional acoustic array using silicon micromachined piezoresistive microphones – Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Jan 2003

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Analysis of a Composite Piezoelectric Circular Plate with Initial Stresses for MEMS – ASME Nov 2002

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Modern Developments in Shear Stress Measurement – Progress in Aerospace Sciences Jul 2002

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Characterization of a Silicon-Micromachined Thermal Shear-Stress Sensor – AIAA Apr 2002

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Two-Port Electroacoustic Model of an Axisymmetric Piezoelectric Composite Plate – AIAA Jan 2002

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MEMS-Based Acoustic Array Technology – AIAA Jan 2002

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Technology Development for Directional Acoustic Arrays – Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Dec 2001

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A Piezoresistive Microphone for Aeroacoustic Measurements – ASME Nov 2001

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Dynamic Calibration of a Shear Stress Sensor using Stokes Layer Excitation – AIAA Jun 2001

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Characterization of a Micromachined Thermal Shear Stress Sensor – AIAA Jan 2001

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Scaling Relations for Piezoresistive Microphones – ASME Nov 2000

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Modern Skin Friction Measurement Techniques: Description, Use, and What to Do with the Data – AIAA Jun 2000

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Dynamic Calibration Technique for Thermal Shear Stress Sensors with Variable Mean Flow – AIAA Jun 2000

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A MEMS Microphone for Aeroacoustics Measurements – AIAA Jan 1999

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A Silicon Micromachined Microphone for Aeroacoustics Measurements – APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Nov 1998

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A wafer-bonded, silicon-nitride membrane microphone with dielectrically-isolated, single-crystal silicon piezoresistors – Hilton Head Workshop Jun 1998

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Large Deflections of Clamped Circular Plates Under Tension and Transitions to Membrane Behavior – Journal of Applied Mechanics Jun 1998

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Dynamic Calibration of a Shear-Stress Sensor Using Stokes Layer Excitation – AIAA Jan 1998

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Dynamic Calibration of a Shear-Stress Sensor by Acoustic Waves – APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Nov 1996

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WHO WE ARE

Our Leadership Team

David Mills, Ph.D.

David Mills, Ph.D.

President

Chip Patterson, Ph.D.

Chip Patterson, Ph.D.

Vice President

Mark Sheplak, Ph.D.

Mark Sheplak, Ph.D.

Chief Scientist / Founder

Jim Underbrink

Jim Underbrink

Senior Technical Fellow

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