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Optimize Designs through Aerodynamic Precision

Advanced Technologies for Quantifying Aerodynamic Drag

Wall Shear Stress Sensors and Their Role in Drag Reduction

DirectShear® wall shear stress sensors represent a significant advancement in aerodynamic measurement technology, particularly for applications focused on drag reduction. These sensors, developed through extensive research and optimization efforts, leverage the high precision and sensitivity of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to provide direct, real-time measurements of wall shear stress. This capability is crucial for understanding and controlling turbulent boundary layers, which are a primary source of aerodynamic drag.

DirectShear’s ability to provide high-resolution, time-resolved measurements makes them particularly suited for drag reduction research. By accurately capturing the wall shear stress, engineers can better understand the mechanisms of drag and develop more effective strategies for its reduction. This includes optimizing the lift-drag ratio during the design phase of aircraft wings, as well as implementing advanced flow control techniques to manage boundary layer behavior.

DirectShear sensor with low-profile package connected to PXI control unit
DirectShear sensor in a cylindrical package on top of a quarter
MHzPressure sensor in its miniaturized package on a penny

Validation of CFD Simulations

Accurate validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations is essential for advancing our understanding of fluid dynamics and enhancing engineering designs.

DirectShear® Sensors

DirectShear sensors offer direct measurements of wall shear stress, making them indispensable for validating CFD models that predict surface friction and boundary layer behaviors. This capability allows engineers to capture detailed data on aerodynamic drag and flow separation, essential components in CFD simulations.

MHzPressure® Sensors

MHzPressure sensors are designed to measure dynamic pressures in high-speed and hypersonic flows with great precision. The full calibration of these sensors, encompassing both magnitude and phase response, ensures that they provide quantifiable and reliable data. This makes MHzPressure sensors ideal for validating the pressure fields and transitional flow behaviors predicted by advanced CFD models.

DynaMic® Sensors

DynaMic sensors are optimized for aeroacoustic and fluctuating pressure measurements, featuring a miniaturized design that allows for ultra-flush installation in wind tunnel models. These IEPE-powered microphones offer a high dynamic range and phase-matched array capabilities, making them well-suited for capturing complex acoustic phenomena and pressure fluctuations. By providing precise measurements of fluctuating pressure fields, DynaMic sensors support the validation of aeroacoustic simulations and the evaluation of noise mitigation strategies in CFD models.

DirectShear sensor in its IEPE package
IC2's suite of sensor products

Integrate and Improve Your Simulations

Together, these sensors form an advanced suite of tools for CFD validation, ensuring that simulation predictions align closely with experimental data. Their advanced features and high-fidelity measurements enable engineers to refine their models, leading to more accurate and reliable simulations of fluid dynamics in various applications.

DirectShear: Precision in Wall Shear Stress and Turbulent Boundary Layer Measurement

DirectShear® sensors, originally developed for NASA, enable the direct measurement of wall shear stress via flush-mounted MEMS sensor technologies. These sensors, available in many configurations, feature a wide bandwidth, high sensitivity, and large dynamic range, making them an invaluable tool for studying the effects of turbulent boundary layer separation.

DirectShear sensor in a cylindrical package on top of a quarter

Historically a difficult, expensive, and/or inferred data point to measure, our wall shear stress sensors facilitate the advancement in our understanding of aerodynamic phenomena, thus driving your innovations in aircraft design and performance optimization. Learn more about the various measurement methods used throughout the industry in our “Guide to Wall Shear Stress Measurement.”

Every day, the global commercial aircraft industry consumes 250 million gallons of fuel. As the global carbon footprint continues to increase and air travel contributes more each year, there is an ever-growing need for a reduction in fuel usage and emissions per flight. Moreover, noise pollution from aircraft affects the quality of life for millions around the world.

Engineers who are designing the next generation of aircraft have historically faced a significant challenge measuring wall shear stress, even though it is a critical factor for improving fuel efficiency and reducing airframe noise. Wall shear stress relates directly to skin friction, which accounts for 20% to 40% of total vehicle drag. Airframe noise is a major component of overall aircraft noise, and its reduction is a realizable benefit of better wall shear stress measurements.

Click here to see how NASA is leveraging DirectShear sensors in their measurement applications.

Learn more about DirectShear Sensors

MHzPressure Sensors: Modernizing High-Speed Flow Measurement

The development of MHzPressure® sensors marks a significant breakthrough the in the realm of high-speed flow measurement. MHzPressure sensors incorporate advanced microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to capture accurate and reliable dynamic pressure data in hypersonic environments.

MHzPressure sensor in its miniaturized package on a penny

MHzPressure sensors are MEMS piezoelectric fluctuating pressure transducers, optimized for bandwidths up to 1 MHz. The sensors are designed to be ultra-smooth, flush-mounted, and high-bandwidth, and, through a patented calibration method, provide a complete magnitude and phase response over the entire measurement bandwidth. This capability is crucial for accurate, quantifiable fluctuating pressure measurements in high-speed flows, which are essential for the development of next-generation hypersonic vehicles and weapons.

Patented Reciprocal Calibration Method

The standout feature of MHzPressure (and DynaMic) sensors is the novel reciprocal calibration method leveraged to create a true picture of the sensor’s magnitude and phase response. This technique involves using an electrical drive signal to actuate the sensor, with a laser vibrometer sensing the actuated deflection. This method ensures a high degree of accuracy in sensitivity measurements across the entire bandwidth, making it a reliable tool for high-frequency measurements.

The integration of MHzPressure sensors in defense applications represents a transformative shift in high-speed flow measurement. With their advanced MEMS technology, comprehensive calibration, and diverse applications, MHzPressure stands as the premier instrument for hypersonic and boundary layer transition measurement.

Learn more about MHzPressure Sensors

Maximizing Wind Tunnel Time with DynaMic

DynaMic is a precision dynamic pressure sensor and aeroacoustic microphone with bandwidths up to 120 kHz that benefits product design teams’ ability to quantify aerodynamic performance with a cost efficient and calibrated precision instrument. DynaMic’s innovative design leverages a MEMS piezoelectric microphone that is both miniaturized and flush-mountable, allowing for seamless integration into wind tunnel models. One of its standout features is its significantly reduced cost per channel without compromising on performance. DirectShear sensor in its IEPE package Traditional aeroacoustic microphones and their associated data acquisition hardware can be prohibitively expensive, limiting the number of data points that can be gathered within a given budget. DynaMic, on the other hand, offers a more affordable yet high-quality solution, enabling teams to deploy higher-density acoustic arrays and capture more comprehensive data without overshooting their financial constraints.

Superior Calibration for Accurate Results

Accurate data is the lifeblood of effective aerodynamic optimization. DynaMic’s patented reciprocal calibration methodology ensures that the sensor delivers the truest measurements available. This advanced technique uses an electrical drive signal to actuate the sensor, with a laser vibrometer sensing the actuated deflection. This method provides high-certainty sensitivity measurements across the entire frequency range up to 120 kHz. The result is a sensor system that not only enables more data points per dollar but does so with greater accuracy and reliability.

Making the Most of Your Wind Tunnel Time

DynaMic’s cost-effective and miniaturized design allows for higher-density data collection, while its advanced calibration techniques ensure the accuracy and reliability of every data point. Integrate DynaMic into your suite of wind tunnel instrumentation and maximize the value of each test to gain the insights needed to push performance to new heights. Discover today how DynaMic can transform your approach to aerodynamic testing and help you get the most out of your time in the wind tunnel.

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WirelessArray: Save Time & Money in Performing Runway Flyover Measurements

The WirelessArray system is a field-deployable, wireless data-acquisition system initially designed for runway flyover and ground-test arrays. The system is designed to eliminate the need for extensive cabling, offering standalone, Wi-Fi enabled, weatherproof sensor nodes with user-replaceable modules and robust power solutions including solar and USB-C charging capabilities.

Key Benefits

  • Enhanced Mobility: The wireless nature of the WirelessArray allows for easy repositioning and reconfiguration, making it ideal for both ground and flyover tests.
  • Reduced Setup Time: Eliminate the need for extensive cabling and wiring, reducing the preparation time and associated risks.
  • Portability: Compact and lightweight, the WirelessArray is easy to transport and deploy in various testing environments.

Why Choose WirelessArray?

WirelessArray is the solution of choice for aerospace engineers seeking accurate, reliable, and efficient data collection methods. With its advanced MEMS sensors, robust wireless communication, and seamless integration capabilities, it stands out as a premier option for ground and flyover test applications.

Click here to read the NASA Spinoff article highlighting the WirelessArray system – “Measuring Buzz, Hum, and Rattle.”

Learn more about DirectShear Sensors